![]() ![]() Gifts, hospitality, donations and other benefits can amount to bribery if they are given or received with the intention that they will induce someone to act dishonestly or improperly. Supply-side bribery refers to those persons or organisations who are responsible for offering or paying bribes.ĭemand-side bribery refers to those persons or organisations who are responsible for demanding or receiving bribes. This may occur, for example, where a government officer receives a bribe to award a contract, where the government department in question would not approve the bribe. Personal bribery refers to a situation where a bribe may be paid or received by a representative of an organisation without the approval of that organisation. This may occur, for example, where an organisation authorises its commercial director to pay a bribe to win a contract. Institutional bribery refers to a situation where a bribe may be paid or received with the full approval of the organisation which is the employer of the individual paying or receiving the bribe. For example, a government officer managing a procurement activity on behalf of a government department has a duty to act objectively and to award the contract to the best evaluated bidder, but may, if offered a bribe, improperly award a contract to the bribing bidder. The dishonest or improper action may be by way of act or omission by a person in relation to that person’s duties or employer’s business. A bribe may be a cash payment, or it may be a non-cash benefit (such as a watch, a holiday, employment, or the promise of a future contract). In such cases, all those persons (A, B and C), as well as other persons who were complicit in the offence, may be guilty of bribery. It may also occur where B requests or solicits a benefit from A as an inducement for B or another person (C) to act dishonestly or improperly. ![]() In general terms, bribery is committed where a person (A) offers or gives some benefit to another person (B) as an inducement for that person (B) or another person (C) to act dishonestly or improperly. Briberyīribery is a criminal offence in most jurisdictions. The following paragraphs explain these offences in more detail, and give examples. In this website, and in GIACC’s work generally, corruption is interpreted in the wider sense. require similar preventive/detection measures.normally result in financial loss/defective quality.The wider definition is preferable as these corrupt acts: These activities will normally constitute criminal offences in most jurisdictions although the precise definition of the offence may differ. In its wider sense, corruption includes bribery, extortion, fraud, cartels, abuse of power, embezzlement, and money laundering. In its narrowest sense, corruption is interpreted as referring to bribery only. There is no international legal definition of corruption. This section examines the different types of corruption which can occur in the infrastructure sector. ![]()
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